Conservation of Linear Momentum
Conservation of Linear Momentum
The linear momentum which is the product of mass and velocity also remains constant if the total force acting on it is zero. Consider two particles A and B. We can call the group of these two particles as System of Particles. The force exerted by A on B and exerted by B on A are called Internal Forces. Force applied on A or B by any external particle is called External Forces.We define the total linear momentum of the system as sum of linear momenta of A and B.If the two particles moving along the same straight same line, the momentum of the system is arithematic sum of their momenta, i.e. , where
,
are the masses of the particles and
are their velocities.
Examples of law of conservation of linear momentum:
1. Bomb shell explosion: A bomb shell suddenly explodes in two fragments having masses in the ratio 2 : 1. As there is no external force involved in the process of explosion the momentum of the system should be conserved.In this case the bomb is initially at rest the initial momentum of the system is zero. The conservation of momentum demands that the final momentum should also be zero. The two fragments should carry equal and opposite momentum to make total momentum zero.
2. Recoil of the gun: As the initial momentum before the firing of bullet is zero .So according to the conservation of momentum the final momentum of the system also needs to be zero.The final momentum could be zero only if the gun has a momentum equal and opposite to that of the bullet.
3. Jet engines and Rockets: A rocket at the launching pad has zero momentum.When the chemicals inside the rocket burn a high velocity blast of hot gases is produced.Thses gaes pass out the tail nozzle of the rocket in downward direction on the form of the jet with tremendous velocity.Therefore the rocket moves up with such a velocity so as to make the momentum of the system(rocket +emited gas) zero again.
A bullet of mass 0.01 kg is fired from a gun weighing 5.0 kg. If the initial speed of the bullet is 250 m/s, calculate the speed with which the gun recoils. | |||
| Right Option : A | |||
| View Explanation | |||
A body of mass 5 kg undergoes a change in speed from 20 to 0.20 m/s. The momentum of the body would | |||
| Right Option : B | |||
| View Explanation | |||
A body with mass M and velocity V strikes the wall and rebounds with the same speed. Its change of momentum is | |||
| Right Option : C | |||
| View Explanation | |||
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